The equation becomes NH 4NO 3 → N 2O +2H 2Oīalancing hydrogen has also resulted in the balance of oxygen atoms – three atoms of oxygen are both on the left and right side (one in N 2O molecule and two in H 2O molecule). Hydrogen needs to be balanced by placing 2 in front of H 2O on the right side. For hydrogen, there are four atoms on the left side and two atoms on the right. Nitrogen has two atoms on the left side and also two atoms on the right, making it balanced. There are three element to balance in the equation: N, H and O. → 2HCl + O 2 and is now balanced with all the elements having the same number of atoms on both left and right hand side. To balance them, we need to put 2 in front of HCl on the right side. This is not yet balanced as H and Cl have 2 atoms each on the left side while on the right side they have one atom. It therefore needs to be balanced by having a 2 in front of HClO. It has two atoms while on the left side it has one atom. Oxygen is alone in the molecule O 2 on the right side. Hint: first, identify the element that is alone in a molecule and balance it. The equation has three elements – hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl) and oxygen (O). The chemical equation is therefore balanced. This brings the total number of oxygen atoms on the left hand side to be ten, same as those on the right side of the equation. To balance the oxygen, put 2 in front of O 2 on the left hand side. Oxygen has a total of eight atoms on the left side and ten atoms on the right and is therefore not yet balanced. The equation contains two elements, phosphorus (P) and oxygen (O). It therefore satisfied the law of conservation of matter. A balanced chemical equation shows that matter is neither created nor destroyed during chemical reactions, but change from one form to another. Since the elements N and H have the same number of atoms on both sides, the chemical equation is therefore balanced. H is having six atoms on the left where it is in 3 molecules of hydrogen gas and on the right it also has six atoms in 2 molecules of ammonia gas. N has two atoms on the left where it is in a molecule of nitrogen gas and on the right hand side it also has two atoms where it is in 2 molecules of ammonia (NH 3) gas. → 2NH 3(g) there are two elements, N and H. A balanced chemical equation means that all the elements represented in the equation must have equal number of atoms on both the left and the right sides of the equation.įor example, in the chemical equation N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) To give vivid explanations of chemical reactions.įor a chemical equation to be useful, it must be balanced. To deduce quantities of energy involved in chemical processes. HCl, NaOH and NaCl are aqueous solutions (the substances are in solutions in water) while H 2O is in liquid state.Ĭhemical equations are useful in the following ways: To deduce quantities of reactants needed for reactions, or quantities of products expected from chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reversible reactions and two half arrows to either side are used.Īlso in the hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide reaction above, the state or phase of the reactants and the products are indicated in the chemical equation. Note that there are some reactions that can proceed both in the forward and backward direction in the same system. The direction of the reaction is shown by the forward arrow, which means that the reaction goes in one direction to produce sodium chloride and water. The mole ratio of the reactants and the products, which is the stoichiometry of the reaction is also expressed as 1:1:1:1. In the above equation, the reactants (hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide) and the products of the reaction (sodium chloride and water) are shown by their formulae HCl, NaOH, NaCl and H 2O respectively. It shows the direction of the reaction the state of matter in which the reactants and products are present.įor example, the chemical reaction between aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide that leads to the formation of sodium chloride and water can be expressed by the equation: It shows the chemical formulae of the reactants and the products, the mole ratios by which the reactants combine, as well as the mole ratios by which the products are formed. A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.
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